Non-Finite Verbal Forms (Verba infinita)

The circumflex accent (^) is used to mark the long vowels.

Formation:

Active voice:
I-II-III-IV: the present stem + the ending -re.

Passive voice:
I-II-IV: the present stem + the ending -ri.
III: the present stem + the ending -i.
 

	I.	II.	III.	IV.
Active Voice	amâre	monêre	legere	audîre
Passive Voice	amâri	monêri	legi	audîri

 
 
The Future Infinitive (Infinitivus Futuri)

Formation:

Active voice:
I-II-III-IV: the future active participle + the present infinitive of esse.

Passive voice:
I-II-III-IV: the -um supine + the present infinitive iri.
 

	I.	II.	III.	IV.
Active Voice	amatûrus, 3 esse	monitûrus, 3 esse	lectûrus, 3 esse	auditûrus, 3 esse
Passive Voice	amâtum iri	monîtum iri	lectum iri	audîtum iri

 
 
The Perfect Infinitive (Infinitivus Perfecti)

Formation:

Active voice:
I-II-III-IV: the perfect stem + the ending -isse.

Passive voice:
I-II-III-IV: the perfect participle + the present infinitive of esse.
 

	I.	II.	III.	IV.
Active Voice	amavisse	monuisse	legisse	audivisse
Passive Voice	amâtus, 3 esse	monîtus, 3 esse	lectus, 3 esse	audîtus, 3 esse

 
 
The Present Participle (Participium praesentiis)

Formation:
I-II: the present stem + the suffix -nt- + the endings of the adjectives of the III declension;
III-IV: the present stem + the suffix -ent- + the endings of the adjectives of the III declension.
 

	I.	II.	III.	IV.
Active Voice	amans, -antis	monens, -entis	legens, -entis	audiens, -entis

The present participles are declined like the III declension adjectives of one form for all genders:
 

	Singular			Plural
	mf	n		mf	n
Nom.	amans			amantes	amantia
Gen.	amantis			amantium
Dat.	amanti			amantibus
Acc.	amantem	amans		amantes	amantia
Abl.	amanti (-e)			amantibus

 
 
The Future Participle (Participium Futuri)

Formation:

Active Voice:
I-II-III-IV: the participal stem + the suffix –ûr- + the endings of the adjectives of the I-II declensions.

Passive Voice:

I-II: the present stem + the suffix –nd- + the endings of the adjectives of the I-II declensions;
III-IV: the present stem + the suffix –end- + the endings of the adjectives of the I-II declensions.
 

	I.	II.	III.	IV.
Active Voice	amatûrus, a, um	monitûrus, a, um	lectûrus, a, um	auditûrus, a, um
Passive Voice	amandus, a, um	monendus, a, um	legendus, a, um	audiendus, a, um

The future participles are declined like the adjectives of I-II declensions.
 
 
The Perfect Participle (Participium Perfecti)

Formation:
I-II-III-IV: the participial stem + the endings of the adjectives of the I-II declensions:
 

	Passive Voice
	I.	II.	III.	IV.
m	amâtus	monîtus	lectus	audîtus
f	amâta	monîta	lecta	audîta
n	amâtum	monîtum	lectum	audîtum

The Perfect participles are declined on the pattern of the adjectives of the I-II declensions.
 
 
Gerund (Gerundium)

Formation:
I-II: the present stem + the suffix –nd- + the ending of the I-II declensions;
III-IV: the present stem + the suffix –end- + the ending of the I-II declensions.

The Gerund is a verbal noun of the II declension, of neuter gender, used in the oblique cases of Singular only:
 

	I.	II.	III.	IV.
Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.	-- amandi amando amandum amando	-- monendi monendo monendum monendo	-- legendi legendo legendum legendo	-- audiendi audiendo audiendum audiendo

 
 
Supine (Supinum)

Formation:

I-II-III-IV: the participial stem + –um or –u.

The Supine is a verbal noun of the IV declension, of neuter gender, used in Accusative and Ablative of Singular only:
 

	I.	II.	III.	IV.
Acc.	amâtum	monîtum	lectum	audîtum
Abl.	amâtu	monîtu	lectu	audîtu