Verba Finita

The Perfect tenses


The active forms of the perfect tenses are derived from the Perfect stem of the verbs.
The passive forms are obtained analytically, by the means of the perfect participles and auxiliary esse

 
The Perfect Indicative (Indicativus Perfecti)

Formation:

Active voice:
I-II-III-IV: the perfect stem + the personal endings.

Passive voice:
I-II-III-IV: the passive perfect participle + the present indicative forms of the auxiliary esse.
 
 
Active Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amavi
amavisti
amavit
monui
monuisti
monuit
legi
legisti
legit
audivi
audivisti
audivit
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amavimus
amavistis
amaverunt
monuimus
monuistis
monuerunt
legimus
legistis
legerunt
audivimus
audivistis
audiverunt
 
Passive Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amatus, a, um sum
amatus, a, um es
amatus, a, um est
monitus, a, um sum
monitus, a, um es
monitus, a, um est
lectus, a, um sum
lectus, a, um es
lectus, a, um est
auditus, a, um sum
auditus, a, um es
auditus, a, um est
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amati, ae, a sumus
amati, ae, a estis
amati, ae, a sunt
moniti, ae, a sumus
moniti, ae, a estis
moniti, ae, a sunt
lecti, ae, a sumus
lecti, ae, a estis
lecti, ae, a sunt
auditi, ae, a sumus
auditi, ae, a estis
auditi, ae, a sunt
 
 
The Pluperfect Indicative (Indicativus Plusquamperfecti)

Formation:

Active voice:
I-II-III-IV: the perfect stem + -era- + the personal endings.

Passive voice:
I-II-III-IV: the passive perfect participle + the imperfect indicative forms of the auxiliary esse.
 
 
Active Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amaveram
amaveras
amaverat
monueram
monueras
monuerat
legeram
legeras
legerat
audiveram
audiveras
audiverat
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amaveramus
amaveratis
amaverant
monueramus
monueratis
monuerant
legeramus
legeratis
legerant
audiveramus
audiveratis
audiverant
 
Passive Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amatus, a, um eram
amatus, a, um eras
amatus, a, um erat
monitus, a, um eram
monitus, a, um eras
monitus, a, um erat
lectus, a, um eram
lectus, a, um eras
lectus, a, um erat
auditus, a, um eram
auditus, a, um eras
auditus, a, um erat
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amati, ae, a eramus
amati, ae, a eratis
amati, ae, a erant
moniti, ae, a eramus
moniti, ae, a eratis
moniti, ae, a erant
lecti, ae, a eramus
lecti, ae, a eratis
lecti, ae, a erant
auditi, ae, a eramus
auditi, ae, a eratis
auditi, ae, a erant
 
 
The Future Perfect Indicative (Indicativus Futuri exacti)

Formation:

Active voice:
I-II-III-IV: the perfect stem + -eri- + the personal endings.

Passive voice:
I-II-III-IV: the passive perfect participle + the future indicative forms of the auxiliary esse.

Note that the forms of the active Future Perfect Indicative are identical with those of the active Perfect Subjunctive, except for 1 p. sg.
 
 
Active Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amavero
amaveris
amaverit
monuero
monueris
monuerit
legero
legeris
legerit
audivero
audiveris
audiverit
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amaverimus
amaveritis
amaverint
monuerimus
monueritis
monuerint
legerimus
legeritis
legerint
audiverimus
audiveritis
audiverint
 
Passive Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amatus, a, um ero
amatus, a, um eris
amatus, a, um erit
monitus, a, um ero
monitus, a, um eris
monitus, a, um erit
lectus, a, um ero
lectus, a, um eris
lectus, a, um erit
auditus, a, um ero
auditus, a, um eris
auditus, a, um erit
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amati, ae, a erimus
amati, ae, a eritis
amati, ae, a erunt
moniti, ae, a erimus
moniti, ae, a eritis
moniti, ae, a erunt
lecti, ae, a erimus
lecti, ae, a eritis
lecti, ae, a erunt
auditi, ae, a erimus
auditi, ae, a eritis
auditi, ae, a erunt
 
 
The Perfect Subjunctive (Conjunctivus Perfecti)

Formation:

Active voice:
I-II-III-IV: the perfect stem + -eri- + the personal endings.

Passive voice:
I-II-III-IV: the passive perfect participle + the present subjunctive forms of the auxiliary esse.

Note that the forms of the active Perfect Subjunctive are identical with those of the active Future Perfect Indicative, except for 1 p. sg.
 
 
Active Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amaverim
amaveris
amaverit
monuerim
monueris
monuerit
legerim
legeris
legerit
audiverim
audiveris
audiverit
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amaverimus
amaveritis
amaverint
monuerimus
monueritis
monuerint
legerimus
legeritis
legerint
audiverimus
audiveritis
audiverint
 
Passive Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amatus, a, um sim
amatus, a, um sis
amatus, a, um sit
monitus, a, um sim
monitus, a, um sis
monitus, a, um sit
lectus, a, um sim
lectus, a, um sis
lectus, a, um sit
auditus, a, um sim
auditus, a, um sis
auditus, a, um sit
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amati, ae, a simus
amati, ae, a sitis
amati, ae, a sint
moniti, ae, a simus
moniti, ae, a sitis
moniti, ae, a sint
lecti, ae, a simus
lecti, ae, a sitis
lecti, ae, a sint
auditi, ae, a simus
auditi, ae, a sitis
auditi, ae, a sint
 
 
The Pluperfect Subjunctive (Conjunctivus Plusquamperfecti)

Formation:

Active voice:
I-II-III-IV: the perfect stem + -isse- + the personal endings.

Passive voice:
I-II-III-IV: the passive perfect participle + the imperfect subjunctive forms of the auxiliary esse.
 
 
Active Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amavissem
amavisses
amavisset
monuissem
monuisses
monuisset
legissem
legisses
legisset
audivissem
audivisses
audivisset
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amavissemus
amavissetis
amavissent
monuissemus
monuissetis
monuissent
legissemus
legissetis
legissent
audivissemus
audivissetis
audivissent
 
Passive Voice
I
II
III
IV
Sg.
1.
2.
3.
amatus, a, um essem
amatus, a, um esses
amatus, a, um esset
monitus, a, um essem
monitus, a, um esses
monitus, a, um esset
lectus, a, um essem
lectus, a, um esses
lectus, a, um esset
auditus, a, um essem
auditus, a, um esses
auditus, a, um esset
Pl.
1.
2.
3.
amati, ae, a essemus
amati, ae, a essetis
amati, ae, a essent
moniti, ae, a essemus
moniti, ae, a essetis
moniti, ae, a essent
lecti, ae, a essemus
lecti, ae, a essetis
lecti, ae, a essent
auditi, ae, a essemus
auditi, ae, a essetis
auditi, ae, a essent


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