Pronouns (Pronomi)

Pronouns (Pronomi)

See the contrastive Table on the Origin of the Pronouns in the modern Romance languages.

Personal & Reflexive Pronouns (Pronomi Personali e Riflesivi)
.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Atonic Forms Tonic Forms
Subj. / Obj. Atonic Forms
Dir. / Ind. Obj. Tonic Forms

Assert.
Subject Interrog.
Subj. Dir. Object Ind. Object

Sg. 1^st mf -- I (-i) I me me me to me (a) mi
I, me, to me me
myself mi, mi mi solo

2^nd mf te you -to you te you te to you (a) ti
(to) you te
yourself ti

3^rd m el he -(e)lo he lo him ghe to him / her (a) elo /
(a) lu
he, (to) him se
him-, herself elo stéso
(se stéso)

f la she -(e)la she la her (a) ela
she, (to) her ela stésa
(se stésa)

Pl. 1^st m -- we (-i) we ne us ne to us (a) noaltri
we, (to) us se
ourselves noaltri

f (a) noaltre
we, (to) us noaltre

2^nd m -- you -o you ve you ve to you (a) voaltri
(to) you ve
yourselves voaltri

f (a) voaltre
(to) you voaltre

3^rd m i they -(e)li they li them ghe to them (a) luri
they, (to) them se
themselves luri stési
(se stési)

f le they -(e)le they le them (a) lore
they, (to) them lore stése
(se stéso)

	PERSONAL PRONOUNS	REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
*Atonic Forms*	*Tonic Forms* *Subj. / Obj.*	*Atonic Forms* *Dir. / Ind. Obj.*	*Tonic Forms*
Assert. Subject	Interrog. Subj.	Dir. Object	Ind. Object
*Sg.*	*1^st*	mf	-- I	(-i) I	me me	me to me	(a) mi I, me, to me	me myself	mi, mi mi solo
*2^nd*	mf	te you	-to you	te you	te to you	(a) ti (to) you	te yourself	ti
*3^rd*	m	el he	-(e)lo he	lo him	ghe to him / her	(a) elo / (a) lu he, (to) him	se him-, herself	elo stéso (se stéso)
f	la she	-(e)la she	la her	(a) ela she, (to) her	ela stésa (se stésa)
*Pl.*	*1^st*	m	-- we	(-i) we	ne us	ne to us	(a) noaltri we, (to) us	se ourselves	noaltri
f	(a) noaltre we, (to) us	noaltre
*2^nd*	m	-- you	-o you	ve you	ve to you	(a) voaltri (to) you	ve yourselves	voaltri
f	(a) voaltre (to) you	voaltre
*3^rd*	m	i they	-(e)li they	li them	ghe to them	(a) luri they, (to) them	se themselves	luri stési (se stési)
f	le they	-(e)le they	le them	(a) lore they, (to) them	lore stése (se stéso)

Assertions:

I look at

You look at

she looks at...

I look at myself

You look at yourself

Questions:

Do I look at?

Do you look at?

Does she look at?...

Do you look at yourself?

Tonic forms:

I look at

You look at...,

You look at yourself...

Reflexive:

I' ve done it myself

I' ve done it for myself

*3rd person partitive/argumental/locative pronoun*	*Compound with other personal pronouns*
ghene (ghine) of it , of him , of her , of them , of this , of these , of that , of those about it/him/her/them/this/these/that/those here/there = in it/them from here/there	min' / me ne to me...of it , to me...about it
	tin' / te ne to you...of it , to you...about it
	ghin' / ghe ne to him/her...of it , in it...of it, there...of it/them
	(ne) to us...of it , to us...about it
	vin' / ve ne to you...of it , to you...about it
	ghin' / ghe ne to them...of it , to them...about it

Examples:

Parlar

to speak:

Parlarghene (parlàrghine)

to speak about it/him/her/them

Tor

to take

Tórghene

to take ...of it , to take...of them

, Tórghene un póco

to take some of it

, Tórghene un puchi

to take some of them

, Tórghene tre

to take three of them;

Vegner fora

to come out

, Vegnérghene fora (vegnérghine fora)

to come out from there/here.

With pronouns:

Tin' parlo

I speak to you about it

, Vin' parlo

I speak to you (pl.) about it

, Min' pàrlito?

do you speak to me about it?

Tin' do un póco

I give (to) you a few of it

, Min' dèto tre? (Me ne dèto tre?)

do you give (to) me three of them?

Ghin' do un póco

I give (to) him/her/them a few of it

, Ghin' do tre (Ghe ne do tre)

I give (to) him/her/them three of them.

Ghin' méto tre (Ghe ne méto tre)

I put there three of them, I put three of them in it.

Ghin' tógo tre

(Ghe ne tógo tre)

I take three of them from there.

With verb aver:

I have

=> ghen' ò

ghin'ò

I have ...of it/them;

te ghè

you have

=> te ghen' è

te ghin' è

you have ...of it/them;

el ga

he has

=> el ghen' à

el ghin' à

he has ...of it/them;

£a ga

she has

=> £a ghen' à

£a ghin' à

she has ...of it/them;

gavémo

we have

=> ghen' avémo

ghin' avémo

we have ...of it/them;

gavì

you have

=> ghen' avì

ghin' avì

you have ...of it/them;

i ga

he has

=> i ghen' à

i ghin' à

they have ...of it/them;

£e ga

she has

=> £e ghen' à

£e ghin' à

they have ...of it/them.

With verb èserghe:

gh'è

there is / there are

=> ghen' è

ghin' è

there is/are...of it;

gh'è tre tuxi

there are three boys

=> ghen' è tre

ghin' è tre

there are three of them.

Possessive Pronouns (Pronomi Posesivi) .

Person		One owner		Many owners
Person		*Singular*	*Plural*	*Singular*	*Plural*
*1^st*	m	el mio mine	i mii	el nostro ours	i nostri
*1^st*	f	la mia mine	le mie	la nostra ours	le nostre
*2^nd*	m	el tuo yours	i tui	el vostro yours	i vostri
*2^nd*	f	la tua yours	le tue	la vostra yours	le vostre
*3^rd*	m	el suo his	i sui	el suo theirs	i sui
*3^rd*	f	la sua hers	le sue	la sua theirs	le sue

Demonstrative Pronouns (Pronomi Demostrativi)
.

*Variable*
*Singular*		*Plural*
*Masculine*	*Feminine*	*Masculine*	*Feminine*
'sto qua / questo this	'sta qua / questa	'sti qua / quisti	'ste qua / queste
quelo (là) this	quela (là)	quii (là)	quele (là)
l'altro the other	l'altra	i altri	le altre
tal / tale such		tali

Relative Pronouns (Pronomi Relativi)
.

		*Variable*	*Invariable* *(Usual forms)*
*Sg.*	m	el quale who	che Who / Which , Whose ... To, for, with, in, by whom / which che / de cui whose, of which 'ndo / (in do') in which / where da 'ndo from which / where pa 'ndo through which / where
*Sg.*	f	la quale
*Pl.*	m	i quali
*Pl.*	f	le quali

Interrogative Pronouns (Pronomi Interogativi)
.

		*Variable*	*Invariable*
			*Emphatical* *Forms*	*Non-emphatical* *Forms*	*Postpositive* *Forms*
*Sg.*	m.	qualo? which? what?	cósa? in dove?	'sa? what? chi? who? 'ndo? where?	ché? onde?
	f.	quala?
*Pl.*	m.	quali?
	f.	quale?

Indefinite Pronouns (Pronomi Indefinìi)

*Variable*				*Invariable*
*Singular*		*Plural*
*Masculine*	*Feminine*	*Masculine*	*Feminine*
calchedun somebody, anybody	calcheduna	calcheduni	calchedune	calchedun(i) someone calcosa something se you, one, they
uno (some)one	una
--	--	serti certain	serte
--	--	alcuni some	alcune
--	--	tuti every , everybody	tute every
ognun each, every(one)	ognuna

Negative Pronouns (Pronomi Negativi)
.

	*Variable*		*Invariable*
	*Singular*
	*Masculine*	*Feminine*
*Persons*	nisun nobody	nisuna	nisun(i) no one
*Objects*	gnanca un nobody	gnanca una	gnente nothing

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