Latin Function Words

Latin Function Words

Prepositions, Adverbs, Adjectives, Conjunctions and Pronouns.
With Definitions of Medieval Usage.

a (ab, abs) prep. + Abl. from, by (agent).
ac conj. and.
ad prep. + Acc. to(ward), till.
ad huc (adhuc) adv. thus far, as yet, still, in addition, in the future.
ad modum adv. very, quite; fully; (+ neg.) = at all.
adversus (-um) prep. + Acc. against.
alicubi adv.indef.-rel. somewhere.
alicunde adv.indef.-rel. from some place.
aliqua adv.indef.-rel. somewhere.
aliquam adv. in some degree.
aliquando adv.indef.-rel. at times, sometimes; once, formerly.
aliqui, aliqua, aliquod pron.indef. (used for adjectives) any, some.
aliquis, aliquid pron.indef. (used for nouns) anyone, anybody; anything; someone, something; one or another.
aliquis, qua, quid pron. someone, something; some, any.
aliquo adv.indef.-rel. in some/any direction.
aliquotiens adv.indef.-rel. several times, at different times.
alius, alia, aliud pron.adj. other, another.
alter, altera, alterum pron.adj. one of two, another.
ante prep. + Acc. before.
apud prep. + Acc. at, by, near.
at conj. but, but on the other hand, on the contrary; yet, but yet; at least.
atque conj. and as well, even, together with, in everything.
atque... atque conj. both...and.
atqui conj. rather, however, but at any rate.
aut conj. or, at least, or else.
aut... aut conj. either...or.
autem conj. but, on the other hand, however.
circa prep. + Acc. around.
circum prep. + Acc. around.
contra prep. + Acc. against.
coram adv. and prep. in the presence of, before.
cum prep. + Abl. with.
cum conj. when, while, as, since, although; as soon.
de prep. + Abl. (down) from.
dehinc adv. while, from here, from now, henceforth; then, next.
deinde adv. from there; then, afterwards; secondly, next in order, in the second next place.
demum adv. at last, finally, not till then; precisely, exactly, just, in fact, certainly, to be sure; modo demum only now, just now.
denique adv. finally.
donec adv. while, as long as, until.
dum conj. while, now; so long as, provided that, if only; until.
e (ex) prep. + Abl. out of, from, because of.
ea adv.dem. there.
ego pron.pers. I.
enim conj. namely, indeed, certainly, in fact, for, because.
eo adv.dem. there.
eo quod because.
erga prep. + Acc. opposite (friendly).
et conj. and.
etenim conj. and indeed, for, as a matter of fact.
etiam conj. also, besides; even, actually; time still.
etsi conj. though, although, and yet.
extra prep. + Acc. outside of.
fas est indecl. it is right, proper.
hac adv.dem. here.
haud adv. no.
hic adv.dem. here.
hic, haec, hoc pron.dem. this, pl. these.
hinc adv.dem. from here.
huc adv.dem. here, to this place; so far, for this purpose.
ibi adv.dem. there, then, therein, on that occassion.
idcirco conj. for that reason, on that account, therefore.
idem, eadem, idem pron.determ. same, the same, the very same, also.
ideo conj. therefore, for this reason.
illac adv.dem. there.
ille, illa, illud pron.dem. that, pl. those.
illic adv.dem. there.
illinc adv.dem. from there.
illuc adv.dem. to there; to that; to him/her.
immo adv. or rather; indeed; no, yes emphasis.
in prep. + Acc. / Abl. in, into.
in quantum adv. to what extent.
inde adv.dem. from there, from that source, then, after; from then.
infra prep. + Acc. below.
inter prep. + Acc. between.
interdum adv. occasionally, sometimes, now and then.
intra prep. + Acc. within, inside.
ipse, ipsa, ipsud pron.determ. himself, herself, itself, pl. themselves.
is, ea, id pron.determ. he, she, it, pl. they.
istac adv.dem. there.
iste, ista, istud pron.dem. that (which you refer to), pl. those.
istic adv.dem. there.
istinc adv.dem. from there.
istuc adv.dem. there.
ita adv.dem. thus, so, in this way.
ita... quomodo just as.
ita... ut just as, so...that.
item adv.dem. thus.
jam adv. already.
juxta adv. near by, alike, equally; prep close to, right after, near to, beside; (7th-15th c.) according to.
juxta aliquid adv. to some extent.
licet adv. all right; with dat. + inf. it is right for someone to; conj. although, even if.
meus, a, um pron. poss. my.
modo adv. only, just now.
mox adv. soon.
nam conj. for, on the other hand; for instance.
namque conj. for and in fact, on the other hand; insomuch as.
nec adv. / conj. not, and not, not even, neither, nor.
necnon adv. also, moreover, certainly, besides.
nempe adv. to be sure, of course.
neque adv. by no means.
neque adv. not, and not, neither, nor.
neque ... neque neither ... nor.
neque solum ... sed etiam not only ... but also.
neuter, neutra, neutrum pron.adj. neither.
nisi conj. if not; except, unless.
non adv. no, not.
non numquam adv. sometimes.
nondum adv. not yet.
nonnullus, a, um pron. some, several.
nos pron.pers. we.
noster, stra, strum pron.pers our.
nullus, nulla, nullum pron.adj. no, none, not any.
num adv. if, whether; now, surely not, really, then (asking questions expecting negative answer).
nunc adv. now.
nunquam adv. never.
nuper adv. recently, lately.
nusquam adv. nowhere.
ob prep. before, in front of; on account of, because of; for the sake of; instead of; in proportion to.
ob rem adv. to the purpose, usefully.
olim adv. once; of old; one day.
penes prep. + Acc. in the hands of.
per prep. + Acc. through, by.
pone prep. + Acc. behind.
post prep. + Acc. behind, after.
postea adv. afterwards.
postmodum adv. afterwards; presently.
prae prep. + Abl. before, in front.
praeter prep. + Acc. besides, except.
praeterea prep. + Acc. besides, moreover; hereafter.
pro prep. + Abl. for.
procul adv. far off.
proinde adv. consequently, therefore; just as.
prope (-pius, -ximus) prep. + Acc. near.
propter prep. + Acc. near; by means of.
propterea conj. for that reason, therefore.
prorsus (prorsum) adv. forwards; absolutely; in short.
prout conj. according as.
qua adv. where, as far as, how.
qua... qua partly...partly.
qua? adv.interr. by where.
qualibet adv. anywhere, any way, as you please.
qualis, e pron.correl. what kind of.
qualis, e pron. what sort of, what kind of, such as, as.
qualiscumque pron.correl. of whatever kind.
qualiter adv. how, as, just as.
quam adv. how, how much; as, very; than.
quam diu adv. how long.
quam ob rem conj. wherefore, accordingly.
quam? adv.interr. how? how much.
quamdiu conj. as long as; while; inasmuch as.
quamquam conj. although.
quamvis adv. however; conj. although.
quando adv. when, when?; conj. when, since, because.
quandoque adv. at some time; conj. whenever, as often as, since.
quanto adv. for how much.
quantum adv. as much as, as far as, so much as, to what extent.
quantum ad conj. in terms of, as far as one is concerned, with respect to.
quantus, a, um pron.correl. how much? how great.
quantuscumque pron.correl. of whatever size (number).
quapropter adv. wherefore.
quare adv. by what means? how? why? wherefore.
quasi adv. / conj. as if, as though.
quatenus adv. interr. how far, how long? rel. as far as, in so far as, since.
-que conj. and.
quemadmodum adv. in what way, how; conj. as, just as.
qui, qua, quod pron.indef. (used for adjectives) any, some.
qui, quae, quod pron.interr. what kind of.
qui, quae, quod pron.rel. who, which.
quicquam pron.indef. anything.
quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque pron.indef. (used for adjectives) whoever, whatever; all that, any whatever.
quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque pron.indef. (used for nouns) whoever, whatever, everyone who.
quidam, quaedam, quiddam pron.indef. (used for nouns) somebody, one, somehing, a certan thing.
quidam, quaedam, quoddam pron.indef. (used for adjectives) certain.
quidem adv. indeed, in fact.
quilibet, quaelibet, quidlibet pron.indef. (used for nouns) whatever, whichever, what you please.
quilibet, quaelibet, quodlibet pron.indef. (used for adjectives) whatever, whichever.
quippe adv. certainly, of course; conj.explaining for in fact, because, since.
quis, (quae), quid pron.interr. who? which one? what man / what woman / what thing.
quis, quid pron.indef. (used for nouns) anyone, anybody; anything; someone, something.
quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiam pron.indef. (used for adjectives) any, some.
quispiam, quidpiam pron.indef. (used for nouns) anybody, anything; somebody, something.
quisquam, quidquam pron.indef. (used for nouns) any man, any person, anything.
quisque, quaeque, quodque pron.indef. (used for adjectives) each, every.
quisque, quidque pron.indef. (used for nouns) each one, everybody, everyone, everything, whatever.
quisquis, quaequae, quidquid pron.indef. (used for adjectives) everyone, each.
quisquis, quidquid pron.indef. (used for nouns) whoever, every one who, whoever it be.
quivis, quaevis, quidvis pron.indef. (used for nouns) whoever it be, whom you please.
quivis, quaevis, quodvis pron.indef. (used for adjectives) any, whatever.
quo adv. where, what for, to what end.
quo? adv.interr. where.
quoad conj. as long as, until; with respect to.
quocumque adv. wither so ever, how so ever.
quod conj. because, as far as, in so far as, as for the fact that, in that, that.
quod si conj. but if.
quodamodo adv. in a way.
quomodo adv. how, in what way; rel as, just as.
quondam adv. once, sometimes, formerly.
quoniam conj. because, since, seeing that, now that.
quoque conj. also, too.
quot? pron.correl. how many?; conj. as many.
quotcumque pron.correl. of whatever number.
quotiens adv.interr. how often?; adv.rel. as often as.
quotus, a, um pron.correl. having what position in a numerical series.
quotuscumque pron.correl. of whatever position in a numerical series.
recte adv. rightly, correctly.
rursum adv. again.
rursus adv. again, in turn.
sane adv. reasonably, sensibly; certainly, doubtless, truly; of course; (+ neg.) = really, at all; to be sure, however.
scilicet adv. evidently, naturally, of course; as explan. particle namely, that is to say, in other words.
se pron.refl. himself, herself, itself.
secundum prep. + Acc. according to, next to.
semel conj. once.
seu = sive.
sic adv.dem. thus; yes.
sicut conj. as, just as; like; in the same way as; as if, as it certainly is; as it were.
simul conj. at the same time; together; likewise.
sin conj. but if.
sine prep. + Abl. without.
sine conj. or.
siquidem conj. if in fact; if only, if indeed; since indeed, since that.
solus, sola, solum pron.adj. only, single, alone.
sub prep. + Acc. / Abl. under, beneath.
subter prep. + Acc. / Abl. under.
super prep. + Acc. / Abl. over.
supra prep. + Acc. above, beyond, over.
suus, a, um pron.poss his; their.
talis, e pron.correl. of such kind.
talis, e adj. such, of such a kind, the following.
taliter adv. in such a manner, so.
tam adv.dem. thus, so, so greatly.
tam... quam adv. so...as, much...as well as.
tamen conj. yet, nevertheless, still.
tamquam conj. as, just as; conj. as if, just as if.
tandem adv. at last, finally.
tantum adv. so much, so greatly; to such a degree; so far; only.
tantus, a, um pron.correl. so much, so great.
tot adv.num. as many, so many.
tot(idem) pron.correl. so many.
totiens adv.dem. so many times.
totus, a, um pron.correl. so many; adj. the whole, entire.
trans prep. + Acc. beyond, across, over.
tu pron.pers. you (sg.).
tum adv.dem. then.
tunc adv. then, just the; thereupon, accordingly, consequently.
tuus, a, um pron.pers your (one owner).
ubi? adv.interr. where.
ubicumque adv. wherever, everywhere.
ubiubi adv.indef.-rel. wherever.
ullus, ulla, ullum pron.indef. (used for adjectives) any.
ultra prep. + Acc. beyond, more than.
umquam adv.indef.-rel. ever, at any time.
unde adv. whence, from where?; wherefore; this being the case.
unus, una, unum pron.adj. one, only, alone.
unusquisque, unaquaeque, unumquodque pron.indef. (used for adjectives) every.
unusquisque, unumquidque pron.indef. (used for nouns) everyone, everything.
usquam adv.indef.-rel. somewhere.
usque adv. as far as, all the way, continually, straight on, up to; until.
ut conj. (+Subj.) to, in order that/to; when, as, while; even if.
ut? adv.interr. how.
uti conj. in order that, that, so that; as, when.
ut... ita conj. while...nevertheless.
uter?, utra?, utrum? pron.adj. which of two.
uterque, utraque, utrumque pron.adj. whichever of two.
utinam conj. would that, if only.
utique adv. anyhow, at least, at any rate.
utpote adv. as, in as much as.
ut primum as soon as.
utrum conj. either, whether.
-ve conj. or.
vel adv. even, actually; or even; in deed; or.
vel conj. or.
vel ... vel conj. either ... or.
velut adv. as, just as, as it were, as though.
vero conj. but, truly.
versus prep. + Acc. toward.
verumtamen conj. but yet, nevertheless.
vester, stra, strum pron.pers your (many owners).
videlicet adv. clearly, evidently; namely.
vos pron.pers. you (pl.).

Latin Vocabulary Main Page

Latin Language Main Page
Orbis Latinus Main Page