Catalan: Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses (Temps Simples)

Non-Finite Verbal Form (Formes Impersonals)

_	*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*III group : -ir*
_	*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*w/o suffix*	*with suffix*
*The Present Infinitive*	cantar to sing	perdre to lose	sentir to feel	servir to serve
*The Gerund* *(Gerundi)*	cantant singing	perdent losing	sentint feeling	servint serving
*The Past Passive Participle*	cantat, cantada sung	perdut, perduda lost	sentit, sentida felt	servit, servida served

Finite Verbal Forms (Formes Personals)

Present Indicative (Present de Indicatiu)

_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*III group : -ir*
_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*w/o suffix*	*with suffix*
*Sg.*	1. 2. 3.	canto cantes canta	perdo perds perd	sento sents sent	serveixo serveixes serveix
*Pl.*	1. 2. 3.	cantem canteu canten	perdem perdeu perden	sentim sentiu senten	servim serviu serveixen

...

Imperfect Indicative (Imperfet de Indicatiu)

_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*III group : -ir*
_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*w/o suffix*	*with suffix*
*Sg.*	1. 2. 3.	cantava cantaves cantava	perdia perdies perdia	sentia senties sentia	servia servies servia
*Pl.*	1. 2. 3.	cantávem cantáveu cantaven	perdíem perdíeu perdien	sentíem sentíeu sentien	servíem servíeu servien

...

Past Simple Indicative (Pretèrit Perfet Simple de Indicatiu)

_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*III group : -ir*
_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*w/o suffix*	*with suffix*
*Sg.*	1. 2. 3.	cantí cantares cantà	perdí perderes perdí	sentí sentires sentí	serví servires serví
*Pl.*	1. 2. 3.	cantàrem cantàreu cantaren	perdérem perdéreu perderen	sentirem sentíreu sentiren	servírem servíreu serviren

Except for Valencian, this tense is used in the written language only. In the speech it is replaced by the periphrastic construction anar + infinitive:

vaig cantar, vas cantar, va cantar;
va(re)m cantar, va(re)u cantar, van cantar.

...

Future Indicative (Futur Simple de Indicatiu)

_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*III group : -ir*
_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*w/o suffix*	*with suffix*
*Sg.*	1. 2. 3.	cantaré cantaràs cantarà	perdré perdràs perdrà	sentiré sentiràs sentirà	serviré serviràs servirà
*Pl.*	1. 2. 3.	cantarem cantareu cantaran	perdrem perdreu perdran	sentirem sentireu sentiran	servirem servireu serviran

The Future Indicative is derived from the Vulgar Latin modal construction infinitive +the Present Indicative of the auxiliary habêre (Cat. haver) to have, which is of a future meaning. In Catalan writing the forms of haver were appended to the infinitive to make a whole word, cf.: amar he => amaré, amar has => amarás etc.
...

Present Subjunctive (Present de Subjuntiu)

_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*III group : -ir*
_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*w/o suffix*	*with suffix*
*Sg.*	1. 2. 3.	(que) canti (que) cantis (que) canti	(que) perdi (que) perdis (que) perdi	(que) senti (que) sentis (que) senti	(que) serveixi (que) serveixis (que) serveixi
*Pl.*	1. 2. 3.	(que) cantem (que) canteu (que) cantin	(que) perdem (que) perdeu (que) perdin	(que) sentim (que) sentiu (que) sentin	(que) servim (que) serviu (que) serveixin

...

Imperfect Subjunctive (Imperfet de Subjuntiu)

_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*III group : -ir*
_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*w/o suffix*	*with suffix*
*Sg.*	1. 2. 3.	(que) cantés (que) cantéssis (que) cantés	(que) perdés (que) perdéssis (que) perdés	(que) sentís (que) sentíssis (que) sentís	(que) servís (que) servíssis (que) servís
*Pl.*	1. 2. 3.	(que) cantéssim (que) cantéssiu (que) cantéssin	(que) perdéssim (que) perdéssiu (que) perdéssin	(que) sentíssimm (que) sentíssiu (que) sentíssin	(que) servíssim (que) servíssiu (que) servíssin

...

Present Conditional (Condicional Present)

_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*III group : -ir*
_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*w/o suffix*	*with suffix*
*Sg.*	1. 2. 3.	cantaria cantaries cantaria	perdria perdries perdria	sentiria sentirias sentiria	serviria servirias serviria
*Pl.*	1. 2. 3.	cantariem cantarieu cantarien	perdriem perdrieu perdrien	sentiriem sentirieu sentirien	serviriem servirieu servirien

...

Present Imperative (Present de Imperatiu)

_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*III group : -ir*
_		*I group* *-ar*	*II group* *-re ; -(e)r*	*w/o suffix*	*with suffix*
*Sg.*	1. 2. 3.	-- canta --	-- perd --	-- sent --	-- serveix --
*Pl.*	1. 2. 3.	cantem canteu --	perdem perdeu --	sentim sentiu --	servim serviu --

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